PATHPING
Trace route and provide network latency and packet loss for each router and link in the path. Combines the functionality of PING and TRACERUsing the pathping command
The pathping command is a route tracing tool that combines features of the ping and tracert commands with additional information that neither of those tools provides. The pathping
command sends packets to each router on the way to a final destination
over a period of time, and then computes results based on the packets
returned from each hop. Since the command shows the degree of packet
loss at any given router or link, it is easy to determine which routers
or links might be causing network problems. A number of switches are
available, as shown in the following table.
The default number of hops is 30, and the default wait time
before a time-out is 3 seconds. The default period is 250 milliseconds,
and the default number of queries to each router along the path is 100.
The following is a typical pathping report. The compiled statistics that follow the hop list indicate packet loss at each individual router.
When pathping is run, you first see the results for the route as it is tested for problems. This is the same path that is shown by the tracert command. The pathping command then displays a busy message for the next 125 seconds (this time varies by the hop count). During this time, pathping
gathers information from all the routers previously listed and from the
links between them. At the end of this period, it displays the test
results.
The two rightmost columns--This Node/Link Lost/Sent=Pct and Address--contain the most useful information. The link between 172.16.87.218 (hop 1), and 192.168.52.1 (hop 2) is dropping 13 percent of the packets. All other links are working normally. The routers at hops 2 and 4 also drop packets addressed to them (as shown in the This Node/Link column), but this loss does not affect their forwarding path.
The loss rates displayed for the links (marked as a | in the rightmost column) indicate losses of packets being forwarded along the path. This loss indicates link congestion. The loss rates displayed for routers (indicated by their IP addresses in the rightmost column) indicate that those routers’ CPUs might be overloaded. These congested routers might also be a factor in end-to-end problems, especially if packets are forwarded by software routers.
| Switch | Name | Function |
|---|---|---|
|
-n
|
Hostnames |
Does not resolve addresses to host names. |
|
-h
|
Maximum hops |
Maximum number of hops to search for target. |
|
-g
|
Host-list |
Loose source route along host list. |
|
-p
|
Period |
Number of milliseconds to wait between pings. |
|
-q
|
Num_queries |
Number of queries per hop. |
|
-w
|
Timeout |
Waits this many milliseconds for each reply. |
|
-T
|
Layer Two tag |
Attaches a Layer Two priority tag (for example, for
IEEE 802.1p) to the packets and sends it to each of the network devices
in the path. This helps in identifying the network devices that do not
have Layer Two priority configured properly. The -T switch is used to
test for Quality of Service (QoS) connectivity. |
|
-R
|
RSVP test |
Checks to determine whether each router in the path
supports the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), which allows the host
computer to reserve a certain amount of bandwidth for a data stream. |
The following is a typical pathping report. The compiled statistics that follow the hop list indicate packet loss at each individual router.
D:\>pathping -n microsoft
Tracing route to microsoft [157.54.1.196]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
0 172.16.87.35
1 172.16.87.218
2 192.168.52.1
3 192.168.80.1
4 157.54.247.14
5 157.54.1.196
Computing statistics for 125 seconds...
Source to Here This Node/Link
Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address
0 172.16.87.35
0/ 100 = 0% |
1 41ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 172.16.87.218
13/ 100 = 13% |
2 22ms 16/ 100 = 16% 3/ 100 = 3% 192.168.52.1
0/ 100 = 0% |
3 24ms 13/ 100 = 13% 0/ 100 = 0% 192.168.80.1
0/ 100 = 0% |
4 21ms 14/ 100 = 14% 1/ 100 = 1% 157.54.247.14
0/ 100 = 0% |
5 24ms 13/ 100 = 13% 0/ 100 = 0% 157.54.1.196
Trace complete.
The two rightmost columns--This Node/Link Lost/Sent=Pct and Address--contain the most useful information. The link between 172.16.87.218 (hop 1), and 192.168.52.1 (hop 2) is dropping 13 percent of the packets. All other links are working normally. The routers at hops 2 and 4 also drop packets addressed to them (as shown in the This Node/Link column), but this loss does not affect their forwarding path.
The loss rates displayed for the links (marked as a | in the rightmost column) indicate losses of packets being forwarded along the path. This loss indicates link congestion. The loss rates displayed for routers (indicated by their IP addresses in the rightmost column) indicate that those routers’ CPUs might be overloaded. These congested routers might also be a factor in end-to-end problems, especially if packets are forwarded by software routers.
Running a pathping
Windows XP
Click Start, then click Run.
Type CMD and press Enter.
Type pathping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > C:\pathping.txt and press Enter. Fill in the appropriate server address.
A file will be created on your C:\ drive called "pathping.txt" that contains the pathping information. Please be patient while waiting for the pathping command to complete; it will take several minutes to finish unless an error occurs. You will know it is done when the command prompt reappears.
You can find the pathping.txt file by navigating to your C:\ drive, via the Start Menu > My Computer > Local Disk (C:)
Windows Vista
Click Start.
Click the Start Search text field.
Type CMD. Right-click on the first result, cmd.exe, and select Run as Administrator.
Type pathping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > C:\pathping.txt and press Enter. Fill in the appropriate server address.
A file will be created on your C:\ drive called "pathping.txt" that contains the pathping information. Please be patient while waiting for the pathping command to complete; it will take several minutes to finish unless an error occurs. You will know it is done when the command prompt reappears.
You can find the pathping.txt file by navigating to your C:\ drive, via the Start Menu > Computer > Local Disk (C:)
Windows 7
Click Start.
Click in the Search for Programs and Files text field.
Type CMD. Right-click on the first result, cmd.exe, and select Run as Administrator.
Type pathping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > C:\pathping.txt and press Enter. Fill in the appropriate server address.
A file will be created on your C:\ drive called "pathping.txt" that contains the pathping information. Please be patient while waiting for the pathping command to complete; it will take several minutes to finish unless an error occurs. You will know it is done when the command prompt reappears.
Windows 8
Click Start (Windows Key + Q).
Right-click Command Prompt then select Run as Administrator.
Type CMD. Right-click on the first result, cmd.exe, and select Run as Administrator.
Type pathping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > C:\pathping.txt and press Enter. Fill in the appropriate server address.
A file will be created on your C:\ drive called "pathping.txt" that contains your pathping information. Please be patient while waiting for the pathping command to complete; it will take several minutes to finish unless an error occurs. You will know it is done when the command prompt reappears.
Mac OS X
Go to the /Applications/Utilities folder and start the Terminal application.
Type traceroute -S -q 30 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > ~/Desktop/pathping.txt
Fill in the appropriate server address and press Return. A file will be created on your Desktop called "pathping.txt" that contains your trace route information.
Quit the Terminal application.
Windows XP
Click Start, then click Run.
Type CMD and press Enter.
Type pathping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > C:\pathping.txt and press Enter. Fill in the appropriate server address.
A file will be created on your C:\ drive called "pathping.txt" that contains the pathping information. Please be patient while waiting for the pathping command to complete; it will take several minutes to finish unless an error occurs. You will know it is done when the command prompt reappears.
You can find the pathping.txt file by navigating to your C:\ drive, via the Start Menu > My Computer > Local Disk (C:)
Windows Vista
Click Start.
Click the Start Search text field.
Type CMD. Right-click on the first result, cmd.exe, and select Run as Administrator.
Type pathping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > C:\pathping.txt and press Enter. Fill in the appropriate server address.
A file will be created on your C:\ drive called "pathping.txt" that contains the pathping information. Please be patient while waiting for the pathping command to complete; it will take several minutes to finish unless an error occurs. You will know it is done when the command prompt reappears.
You can find the pathping.txt file by navigating to your C:\ drive, via the Start Menu > Computer > Local Disk (C:)
Windows 7
Click Start.
Click in the Search for Programs and Files text field.
Type CMD. Right-click on the first result, cmd.exe, and select Run as Administrator.
Type pathping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > C:\pathping.txt and press Enter. Fill in the appropriate server address.
A file will be created on your C:\ drive called "pathping.txt" that contains the pathping information. Please be patient while waiting for the pathping command to complete; it will take several minutes to finish unless an error occurs. You will know it is done when the command prompt reappears.
Windows 8
Click Start (Windows Key + Q).
Right-click Command Prompt then select Run as Administrator.
Type CMD. Right-click on the first result, cmd.exe, and select Run as Administrator.
Type pathping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > C:\pathping.txt and press Enter. Fill in the appropriate server address.
A file will be created on your C:\ drive called "pathping.txt" that contains your pathping information. Please be patient while waiting for the pathping command to complete; it will take several minutes to finish unless an error occurs. You will know it is done when the command prompt reappears.
Mac OS X
Go to the /Applications/Utilities folder and start the Terminal application.
Type traceroute -S -q 30 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > ~/Desktop/pathping.txt
Fill in the appropriate server address and press Return. A file will be created on your Desktop called "pathping.txt" that contains your trace route information.
Quit the Terminal application.
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